The US Correctional System Essay Example for Free

The US Correctional System Essay When it comes to the phrase â€Å"being behind bars,† most people get the visualization and thought of prison, our correctional facilities. When thinking of these prisons there is one big thought about it and that is time. Offenders that get sentenced to prison usually have a very long sentence over there head. The real questions for these correctional systems is how are offenders punished as well as how are they rehabilitated? People may never understand the main role of prisons, but it won’t hurt to find out. When thinking of punishment when it comes to offenders what does it really mean? Punishment is a penalty dispensed on an offender with legal system. Correctional officials and parole board members determine the context of punishment and, occasionally, its length (Stanko, Gillespie CREWS, 2004). Soon after the advancement of penitentiaries, early disciplines were frequently brutal and torturous. These punishments were flogging, mutilation, branding, public humiliation, workhouses, and exile. Flogging is being beaten with a rod or a whip. The last flogging of an offender was in Delaware, June 16, 1952. Mutilation is basically a system of particular prevention that makes it challenging or unrealistic for people to carry out fate wrongdoings. All through history, diverse public orders have cut away the hands of hoodlums and burglars, blinded spies, and maimed attackers. Blasphemers had their tongues torn out, and pickpockets endured broken fingers. Noteworthy mutilation, which incorporated cutting off the ears and splitting out the tongue, was initiated in eleventh-century Britain and encroached on pursuers who poached on regal terrains. Branding was utilized to promptly distinguish declared guilty offenders and to caution alternates with whom they may go in contact of their perilous potential. Various early disciplines were composed to mortify offenders in accessible and to permit parts of the group a chance for vengeance. The stocks and pillory were two such disciplines. In the belief that neediness was created by slowness, administrations were snappy to make workhouses outlined to inject â€Å"inclinations of industry† in the unemployed. Lastly, many criminals were banished in many societies. The French sent criminal offenders to Devils Island, and the Russians utilized Siberia for quite some time for the same reason (Schmalleger, 2008). Now days Imprisonment is the most regular illustration of discipline in the correctional framework, however the demise punishment and lesser punishments for example probation are likewise outlined to be corrective (eHow Contributor , 2013). In the philosophical level headed discussion about punishment, two fundamental sorts of speculations of discipline command: utilitarian speculation and retributive speculation. Speculations that set the objective of discipline as the anticipation of destiny wrongdoing (prevention) are for the most part pointed to as utilitarian being as how they are inferred from utilitarian theory. Past oriented speculations (hypotheses that center on the past activities of the offender) are pointed to as retributivist for the reason that they look for requital from offenders for their criminal acts (Banks , 2013). After punishment comes rehabilitation. When it comes to prisons today, does rehabilitate really mean anything and if so what takes place with rehabilitation? Rehabilitate means to restore to a former capacity (Rehabilitate, 2013) as well as intimates interior change, importance a perpetual change in qualities, demeanor, ethics, or ways of getting a load of the planet (Stanko, Gillespie CREWS, 2004). The prison framework offers a mixture of courses to accommodate restore offenders: existence aptitudes classes, drug medicine arrangements, school, work developing, and an assortment of different projects (Hillman , 2009). Rehabilitation is the essential re-socialization strategy connected with the criminal equity framework. Throughout recovery, offenders study that faithful, adjusting conduct gives more gushing and material compensates than resistant, oppositional conduct. Correctional rehabilitation improved in tandem with the ascent of the social sciences in the early twentieth century. Scholastics started going to penitentiaries with the end goal of deductive exploration. It was noted that recovery regularly had a medicinal introduction. Clinicians and psychiatrics started overseeing emotional disposition tests to convicts throughout gathering and appraisal in the early twentieth century. Jail sociologists were likewise procured to group convicts as per their behavior and needs. A mixture of directing projects was launched, incorporating gathering treatment, conduct change, and contemplation. Rehabilitation was the overwhelming correctional theory for a large portion of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, the New York State Department of Corrections led an assessment investigation of rehabilitative projects in the mid1970s. Martinson was one of the scientists who presumed that recovery did not diminish recidivism. That is, medication and help customizes outlined to re-socialized convicts were not working. Martinsons exploration started a level headed discussion that kept up into the 1980s and 1990s. Lawmakers and social traditionalists utilized his summations to development the corrective part of adjustments, while analysts and liberals debated his findings. In late years, nonetheless, the open deliberation over restoration has disappeared in light of additionally pressing correctional issues, for example climbing jail inhabitant totals, packing, and budgetary lessening (Stanko, Gillespie CREWS, 2004). Determining whether punishment or rehabilitation is more effective in reducing crime, well it can be difficult to determine. In my opinion punishment would be the most effective. For example, if a 9 year old got in trouble by getting mad and going to his room after fighting with his parents and then slams the bedroom door. Talking with the child and pretty much telling them what they did was wrong is going to help them not do it again. If the child is punished by his parents and has to open and close the door softly 100 times nonstop in a row, it would teach the child that since he did something wrong he has to pay the price of it. I know that from experience. I used to slam the door and after opening and closing it over and over countless times, I learned my lesson and never slammed a door. Here is a quoted dialogue from the movie â€Å"Shawshank Redemption† that explains why I think rehabilitation isn’t very effective. Redding: â€Å"Rehabilitated? Well, now, let me see. You know, I dont have any idea what that means.† Parole Board Interviewer: â€Å"Uh, well, it means youre ready to rejoin society† – Redding: â€Å"I know what you think it means, sonny. To me, its just a made up word, a politicians word, so that young fellas like yourself can wear a suit and a tie and have a job. What do you really wanna know? Am I sorry for what I did?† Parole Board Interviewer: â€Å"Well, are you?† Redding: â€Å"Theres not a day goes by I dont feel regret. Not because Im in here, or because you think I should. I look back on the way I was then, a young, stupid kid who committed that terrible crime. I wanna talk to him. I wanna try to talk some sense to him tell him the way things are. But I cant. That kids long gone and this old man is all thats left. I gotta live with that. Rehabilitated? Its just a bull**** word. So you go on and stamp your form, sonny, and stop wasting my time. Because to tell you the truth, I dont give a s**t (American Rhetoric: Movie Speech , 1994).† After this dialogue took place in the movie Redding’s parole decision to be released was approved. So honestly I really don’t think that rehabilitation does any good in trying to change offenders’ personal behavior so that they will not commit any future crimes. Like Redding said, it’s just a made up word. Our US Correctional system can be very complex when it comes to punishment and rehabilitation. Flogging, mutilation, branding, public humiliation, workhouses, and exile were early punishments that took place soon after penitentiaries were created. Now day’s imprisonment is the main role for punishment. Existence aptitudes classes, drug medicine arrangements, school, work developing, and an assortment of different projects are all associated with rehabilitation now days. Rehabilitation is the essential re-socialization strategy connected with the criminal equity framework. When it comes to reducing crime some people think that punishment is more effective than rehabilitation and others think that rehabilitation is more effective. We may never know exactly which one is more effective to help reduce crime but in my opinion punishment would me the most effective. It teaches the offender a lesson. Don’t get me wrong, rehabilitation can and does help for certain offenders, but for most offenders now days, sometimes it just takes some discipline to help turn them back around. References American Rhetoric: Movie Speech (1994). The shawshank redemption [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/moviespeechtheshawshankredemptionparoleboard.html Banks , C. (2013). Criminal justice ethics. (3rd ed., p. 105). Tousand Oaks, California: Sage. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/upm- data/5144_Banks_II_Proof_Chapter_5.pdf eHow Contributor (2013). Role of the correctional system. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5087269_role-correctional-system.html Hillman , S. (2009, April 17). Do us prisons really rehabilitate criminals?. Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/items/1418951-prison- systems-rehabilitation Rehabilitate. In (2013). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/rehabilitate Schmalleger, F. (2008). Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st century . (11th ed., pp. 451-453). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://content-crj.kaplan.edu/CJ101_1201B/images/product/M13_SCHM4091_11_SE_CH13.pdf Stanko, S., Gillespie, W., CREWS, G. A. (2004). Living in prison : A history of the correctional system with an insiders view. (pp. 10, 54-55). Westport, Connecticut: GREENWOOD PRESS. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/nlebk_125608_AN? sid=a8ee54a8-197e-4b9a-8e17- [emailprotected]vid=2

The Psychological and Emotional Impact of Domestic Violence Essay

Surprisingly enough, domestic violence affects more than just the immediate victim. Domestic violence is a growing, widespread social problem in America. In the majority of all cases, the victim is spousal or intimate. Children that live in a household where domestic violence is prevalent are also affected. Domestic violence not only has short-term effects on the victim, it also has long-term effects. The long-term effect of this violent abuse is usually physical, psychological, and economical. The immediate effects of physical violence are usually obvious, but the long-term effects seem to hide deep within the victim’s body. Many physical injuries sustained by women seem to cause long-term medical difficulties, particularly as they grow older. Many experience arthritis, hypertension, and heart disease because of broken bones, high stress levels, frequent medical deficiencies, and scar tissue from internal damage. The primary and immediate focus for most victims is the physical injury, while the emotional and psychological abuse inflicted has a larger impact overall. Depression, which sometimes leads to suicide, is the most traumatic effect of domestic violence and abuse. In addition, victims may also experience Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. This disorder’s characteristic symptoms are flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and insomnia. Children that live in the violent environment may also fall victim to behavioral or emotional deficiencies, including depression and anxiety. A...

Breathless Reaction Paper Essay

Katherine Paler- Rivera According to the many articles and film history that I read, this is the first feature film directed by Jean- Luc Godard who was considered the influencial director that started the French New Wave. And based on our lectures, what makes the French New Wave famous was the technique like jumpcuts, shooting on location, using handheld cameras, loose narrative form or improvised dialogue. Godard also uses the history of cinema art and music. He also includes pictures in posters of famous artists like Picasso and Renoir women. The music in the soundtrack also includes Mozart’s clarinet concerto and French pop radio. The entire story started when the character of Michel Poiccard which Jean Paul Belmondo portrays, has stolen a car. While he was driving he passed by two hitch hikers and decides to decline for the thought they were far too ugly for him. Then suddenly, he realized that the cops was behind him. He hid on the side of the street. Thinking he got away he feels relieved. But suddenly a cop found him. He was shocked and unconsciously because of his instinct killed the cop. It was not shown how he shot the cop, it was suggested because the next scene, the cop falls down in the bushes. Then he runs away in an open field. In Paris, he called up somebody on the phone but no one is answering. Then he bought a newspaper from a boy in a bicyle, browse it a bit then head to an apartment employee asking for that somebody. He just took the keys when the man was not looking. Next scene he was inside the room. He just had a quick time in the wash room to freshen up. He was looking for money in the drawer but he was disappointed. He took a newspaper, read a bit then rubs in in his shoes. Then a some girl opens the door and let him in. The room was full of posters of girls. He was asking for money. While the girl was changing, Michel easily took the money in her wallet. Then in the next scene he was on the streets looking for a girl. It was Patricia Franchini who was portrayed by Jean Seberg. She was studying journalism whom he had met in Nice a few weeks earlier. She was selling New York Herald Tribune. Michel was having a conversation with him about what had happen in their stay in Nice, his women and their plans. He asks for a copy of the newspaper but return it once he realized it had no horoscope. They were planning to see each other on the same same street when the day ends. When they parted, he saw a newspaper stand, bought a copy. Patricia rushed through him and gave him a quick smack on the cheek. Right then and there I observed that these two were an item. In the building where he got inside, he was looking for a guy friend named Tolmachov.. They talked about certain guys common to them. Then his friend handed him an envelope which he was not please. He was given a certain phone number that he called. Then he bid goodbye. Two gentlemen came inside the building, the bigger man I knew was an inspector. He was asking for Michel or a certain other name. At first Tomalchov denied he saw Michel but they were busted when a girl passed by and the detective asked her if he saw Tomalchov with a man 5 minutes ago. He was also reminded that accessory of a murder is a crime. I find Michel’s character rude, proud, dishonest and self centered. He likes to have everything easy without trying to work on it. Examples are the cars he stolen, the man he beat up in the comfort room so he can have money. I don’t think the respect Patricia. He â€Å"uses† people and loves to use the word â€Å"louse†. He almost always has a cigarette on her mouth which makes me annoyed. Some critic said he made it sexy but I don’t find it appealing. As usual he always has a newspaper but I don’t think he paid for it. He wore sunglassed even if its late in the afternoon which I find truly absurd. Patricia’s character gets into my nerve. I hate movies that shows women they are like a â€Å"thing to be used†. I don’t like if someone used bad words to a woman. Good for him that he told the police about Michel. The background music also bores me. They keep on using it again and again. Except for the classical music they played when they were inside Patricia’s room. There was also this scene when Patricia was interviewing a man alongside other journalist. When she asked â€Å"What’s your greatest ambiton? † The man replied, â€Å" To become immortal and then die. † Patricia took off her sunglasses, think deeply and face the camera as if connecting to the viewers. In the scene where he called the cops about Michel, she even talked to him hear to heart. She love him that’s why she gave him away which made him furious. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"Godard envisaged Breathless as a reportage (documentary), and asked the Cinematographer Raoul Coutard to shoot the entire film on a hand- held camera, with next to no lighting. In order to shoot under low light levels, Coutard had to use liford HPS film, which was not available as motion picture film stock at the time. He therefore took 18 metre lengths of HPS film sold for 35mm still cameras and spliced them together to 120 metre rolls. During development he pushed the negative one stop from 400 ASA to 800 ASA. The size of the sprocket holes for motion picture film and the Cameflex camera was the only camera that would work for the film used. † â€Å"The production was filmed on location in Paris during the months of August and September in 1959, using an Eclair Cameflex. Almost the whole film had to be dubbed in post- production because of the noisiness of the Cameflex camera and because the Cameflex was incapable of synchronized sound. † â€Å"Filming began in August 17, 1959. Godard met his crew at the Notre Dame cafe near the Hotel de Suede and shot for two hours until he ran out of ideas. Coutard has stated that the film was virtually improvised on the spot, with Godard writing lines of dialogue in an exercise book that no one else was allowed to look at. Godard would give the lines to Belmondo and Seberg while having a few brief rehearsals on scenes involved, then filming them. No permission was received to shoot the filmin its various locations (mainly the side streets and boulevards of Paris) either, adding the spontaneous feel that Godard was aiming for. However all locations were picked out before shooting began and Assistant Director Pierre Rissient has described the shoot very organized. Actor Richard Balducci has stated that shooting days ranged from 15 minutes to 12 hours, depending on how many ideas Godard had that day. Producer Georges de Beauregard wrote a letter to the entire crew complaining about the erratic shooting schedule. Coutard claims that on a day that Godard had called in sick de Beauregard bumped into the director at a cafe and the two got into a fist fight. † â€Å"Godard shot most of the film chronologically, with the exception of the first sequence which was shot towards the end of the shoot. Filming at the Hotel de Suede for the lengthy bedroom scene between Michel and Patricia included minimal crew and no lights. This location was difficult to secure, but Godard was determined to shoot there after having lives at the hotel after returning from South America in the early 1950’s. Instead of renting a dolly with complicated and time- consuming tracks to lay, Godard and Coutard rented a wheelchair for the film that Godard often pushed himself. For certain street scenes Coutard would hide in a postal cart with a hole in it for the lens and stamped packages piled on top of Coutard. Shooting lasted 23 days and ended on September 12, 1959. The final scene where Michel is shot in the street was filmed on the rue Campagne- Premiere in Paris. † It left me hanging where Michel was shoot and Patricai catched up with the detective. Their dialogue had me thinking what was the meaning of their conversation especially the word â€Å"louse†. In my research it means a plural of â€Å"lice†, a wingless usually flattened blood sucking insect parasitic on warm- blooded animals or a person who has a nasty or unethical character underserving of respect. Michel for me is the big â€Å"louse†! Frankly speaking I was not really into the film. The very first time I watched it, it was all in French with no subtitles. I tried myself to be interested with it but I just found myself bored. Good thing our teacher shared a copy with subtitle. Being a student I was diligent in all the dialougues and scenes. I was carefully observing the techniques that I’ve learn in French New Wave. I find it fascinating that during that time, Godard was a young director who was thinking outside the box. I love the confidence and the guts he puts into his film. He was even part of the film. So I tried to know him more. His most influential innovations was to design shots that seem astonishingly flat. He is the most widely imitated director of the entire post war era.

The Power Of Creative Visualization - 987 Words

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